Silk fabric was firstdeveloped in ancient China, with some of the earliest examples found asearly as 3500 BC. Legend gives credit for developing silk to a Chinese empress,Leizu. Silks were originally reserved for the Kings of Chinafor their own use and gifts to others, but spread gradually through Chinese culture and trade both geographically and socially, and then to many regions of Asia. Silk rapidly became a popular luxury fabricin the many areas accessible to Chinese merchants because of its texture andluster. Silk was in great demand, and became a staple of pre-industrial international trade. In July 2007, archeologists discoveredintricately woven and dyed silk textilesin a tomb in Jiangxi province, dated to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty roughly 2,500 years ago. Although historians have suspected a longhistory of a formative textile industry in ancient China, this find of silktextiles employing "complicated techniques" of weaving and dyeingprovides direct and concrete evidence for silks dating before the Mawangdui-discovery and other silks dating to the Han Dynasty .

The first evidence of thesilk trade is the finding of silk in the hair of an Egyptian mummy of the 21st dynasty, c.1070 BC. The silktrade reached as far as the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, Europe,and North Africa. This trade was so extensive that the majorset of trade routes between Europe and Asia came to be known as the Silk Road.

The Emperors of China strove to keep knowledge of sericulture secret to maintain the Chinese monopoly.Nonetheless sericulture reached Korea around 200 BC, about the first half of the1st century AD had reached ancient Khotan, and by AD 140 the practice had beenestablished in India.

In the ancient era, silk from China was the mostlucrative and sought-after luxury item traded across the Eurasian continent,and many civilizations, such as the ancient Persians, benefited economicallyfrom trade. 

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